Many people who are terminally ill want the option of hastening their death, so they can spare themselves and their families needless suffering. The Center for Inquiry firmly believes competent patients have a right to determine what happens to their bodies, so CFI supports legislation that authorizes physician-assisted dying. Although three states have now passed laws permitting physician-assisted dying, adamant and well-financed opposition from religious institutions, especially the Catholic Church, has stalled efforts in other states. At the end of a person’s life, no one else’s religious views should bear on how or when they choose to go. Our lives don’t belong to any church, politician, or cultural tradition. Our lives are our own.

End of Life Issues

There is, perhaps, no more personal a set of decisions an individual can make than those surrounding the end of life. CFI believes that such difficult and personal decisions should be made by patients themselves, in conjunction with their families and medical professionals. Respect for the individual requires respecting that individual’s autonomy. As CFI CEO Ron Lindsay has said, “There can be no more intimate, self-defining decision for a person than the decision whether to continue living.” For that reason, CFI supports state laws legalizing assistance in dying, and will continue to work to see those laws spread throughout the states. The opposition comes chiefly from religious organizations seeking to impose their own faith-based beliefs about God’s will on the whole of society.

Physician Assistance in Dying

In 1994, Oregon became the first state to legalize physicians assisting patients in choosing to die with dignity, by prescribing drugs that would lead to death. In a close election, 51.3% of the state voted to enact the Death With Dignity Act. This was met with a hailstorm of opposition from religious groups and the Bush Administration alike, with an attempt to repeal being rejected by 60% of voters in 1997, and by the Supreme Court’s ruling 6-3 in favor of the law in Gonzales v. Oregon. Between 1994 and 2013, 1,173 Oregonians received prescriptions for life ending drugs under the law, and 752 took the drugs.

As seen below, aid in dying has slowly spread to other states. Most recently, a New Mexican court found that it could not “envision a right more fundamental, more private or more integral to the liberty, safety and happiness of a New Mexican than the right of a competent, terminally ill patient to choose aid in dying.” CFI intends to file an amicus brief in the inevitable appeal of this decision; well-funded and vocal opponents of this right have included the Roman Catholic Church, the Christian Medical and Dental Society, and the multiple Right to Life groups.

Oregon	Ballot Initiative	Since 1994, doctors may prescribe lethal drugs in controlled situations.
Washington	Ballot Initiative	Since 2008, doctors may prescribe lethal drugs in controlled situations.
Vermont	Legislation	Since May 2013, doctors may prescribe lethal drugs in controlled situations.
Montana	Court Decision	In December 2009, a Montana court ruled that physicians prescribing lethal drugs for self-administration will not face legal punishment. The Montana Supreme Court ruled the same month that physician aid in dying was not against public policy in Montana.
New Mexico	Court Decision	In January 2014, a New Mexico Court found a right to assistance in dying. Doctors will not face prosecution for prescribing lethal drugs in controlled situations.
California	Ballot Initiative	In 2005, a ballot initiative to permit physician aid in dying was defeated.
Michigan	Ballot Initiative	In 1998, a ballot initiative to permit physician aid in dying was defeated.
Maine	Legislation	In 2013, the Maine legislature refused to decriminalize physician aid in dying by a vote of 94-43

Withdrawal of Life Support

The same groups that seek to prevent individuals from receiving assistance in dying from physicians often also seek to prevent individuals from controlling when they can refuse to be kept alive by artificial methods, whether through ventilators or by being fed and given water while in a vegetative state. As part of our commitment to respect for individuals, CFI believes that the wishes of a patient are paramount. Any prior instructions as to care should be respected, and, in absence of such instructions, it should be the next of kin of the patient, not Church groups and politicians who determine when care should be ended.

The level of interference in such cases is shocking. No one will forget the spectacle of Terry Schiavo, kept artificially alive while in a persistent vegetative state despite court rulings that her wishes were to have her feeding tube removed in such a situation, while Operation Rescue founder and anti-abortion extremist Randall Terry sought to prevent the removal of the tube, and Senator Bill Frist claimed to be able to diagnose Ms. Schiavo via videotape despite all genuine medical opinion contradicting him. More recently Marlise Munoz was kept breathing by machines in Texas for two months against the wishes she had expressed to her husband, because she was pregnant when she fell into a coma. The lessons of such situations are clear. CFI recommends individuals planning for such eventualities through Advance Health Care Directives, or “Living Wills.” These are recognized in 48 states, and CFI will fight for the rights of the patient where groups seek to deny such an expression of a patient’s autonomy.

News

This section will be updated as news develops on this topic.

• The Apparent Murder-Suicide of a Death-With-Dignity Advocate and His Ailing Wife  –  April 22, 2016
• Effort to Legalize Assisted Suicide Fails in Maryland Senate  –  March 4, 2016
• My Right to Die: Assisted Suicide, My Family, and Me  –  January 25, 2016
• California Governor Signs Bill Legalizing Physician-Assisted Dying  –  October 5, 2015
• California: Tell Gov. Brown to Sign Bill Legalizing Patient Choice at End of Life  –  September 14, 2015
• Medicare Proposes to Pay Doctors to Have End-of-Life Care Discussions  –  July 13, 2015
• Washington Post Editorial Board: Assisted Dying ‘A Humane Way To End Life’  –  June 22, 2015
• California: Tell Your State Senator to Support Patient Choice at the End of Life  –  June 2, 2015
• NPR Host Diane Rehm Emerges as Key Force in the Right-to-Die Debate  –  February 20, 2015
• Canada’s High Court Rules Doctors Can Help Ill Patients Die  –  February 6, 2015
• European Court of Human Rights to Decide on Case Involving French Quadriplegic  –  January 12, 2015
• Denver Post: Pass Upcoming Bill Legalizing Assisted Dying for Colorado’s Terminally Ill  –  December 30, 2014
• Court Rules Brain-Dead Woman’s Life Support Can Be Shut Down  –  December 29, 2014
• The Economist – Facing mortality: Atul Gawande on end of life care  –  November 20, 2014
• New Jersey Assembly Advances Death With Dignity Legislation  –  November 18, 2014
• Americans of All Ages Divided Over Doctor-Assisted Suicide Laws  –  November 4, 2014
• Canada: New Poll Shows 84% Support Legalized Assisted Dying  –  October 8, 2014
• Diagnosed With Terminal Cancer After Wedding, Woman, 29, Chooses to Die 2 Days After Husband’s Birthday  –  October 7, 2014
• Death-With-Dignity Movement Springs Back to Life in California  –  October 3, 2014
• British Columbia Woman’s Public Plea for Assisted Suicide Spurs Debate  –  September 12, 2014
• CTV News: Doctors Debate End-of-Life Care at Canadian Medical Association Meeting  –  August 21, 2014
• Stephen Hawking: Why I Support Assisted Dying  –  July 24, 2014
• Reuters: Three European Courts Grapple With End-of-Life Dilemmas  –  July 8, 2014
• BioEdge: Israel Debates Assisted Suicide  –  June 27, 2014
• CBC News: Quebec Passes Landmark End of Life Care Bill  –  June 6, 2014
• CBS News: What Doctors, Patients Want at End of Life  –  May 30, 2014

Resources

• CFI Position Paper — A Call to Legalize Physician Assistance in Dying for the Terminally Ill
• Organization — Compassion & Choices
• Report — Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act
• Report — Washington’s Death with Dignity Act
• Report — Vermont’s Patient Choice and Control at End of Life Act
• Article — What We Know From Oregon’s ‘Death With Dignity’ Experiment
• Report — Twenty Years of Living with the Oregon Death with Dignity Act
• Guide — State-by-State Laws on Physician-Assisted Suicide
• Guide — Attempts to Legalize Euthanasia/Assisted-Suicide in the United States
• Guide — State Laws on Advance Directives
• Archive — Documents in the Terri Schiavo Cases
• Guide — American Medical Association on Advance Care Directives
• Guide — State-by-State Advance Directives